Friday, December 27, 2019

Immigration Case Study Essay - 1809 Words

Immigration Case Study The border between Mexico and the United States has witnessed millions of individuals crossing to and from each country. Migration involves the (more or less) permanent movement of individuals or groups across symbolic or political boundaries into new residential areas and communities (Marshall, 1998, p. 415). Some cross for travel experiences, some cross for quick visits to see relatives, and others are crossing the border to improve their quality of life. From a negative point of view, some pay an absurd amount of money to coyotes to smuggle themselves and family members across the border, and some cross to smuggle narcotics for the drug cartel. This case study ethnography focuses on how government issues†¦show more content†¦They owned a couple of cars and had a three bedroom home in a relatively upstanding neighborhood. She feels that in comparison to many other immigration stories, they were very fortunate to have been as successful as they were. She says that her famil y felt their share of discrimination, however, they were very lucky to have met some white Americans that helped them establish their landscaping business. She lost touch with her brothers, but maintained a relationship with her sister. They did not have to send remittances to Mexico because all of her family that she knew of was here in America. I heard similar stories at a day labor pick-up site in El Mirage, Arizona. My mother-in-law, who is Mexican, accompanied me to this site and stood in as my translator as we approached the laborers. We arrived at approximately five o?clock in the morning, and there were already a handful of men waiting for opportunities of work to arise. As the morning went on, more people arrived, and at the same time others left to various job sites. Most of the work seemed to have been for agriculture, construction and landscape work. Few of the men that my mother-law and I came in contact with did not speak very good English and were very shy about speaking of their personal history. A good number of these men were forced out of Mexico because of a lack of employment, left their families behind, and wereShow MoreRelatedcase study immigration4147 Words   |  17 Pages The End of the Culture War over Immigration A culture War has erupted in America. The country has become visibly divided over emotionally charged topics such as: abortion, gay marriage, gun-control, and healthcare. Many Americans have chosen sides in a polarized debate which pins conservative traditionalists against liberal progressives over the direction of America’s future. One topic which has not received as much attention as the rest, yet potentially has the largest impact on the common AmericanRead MoreIllegal Immigration Case Study1710 Words   |  7 Pageschildren. Trump was ready on Tuesday with written statement, and the Justice and Homeland Security Departments provided detailed distributed information to reporters in advance. Trump wanted to show his move as a compassionate effort, some immigration critics contend that programs like DACA, started under Obama, encouraged Central Americans to enter the United States, hoping to stay permanently many of them children fleeing dangerous gangs. The White House press secretary Sarah Sanders, indicatedRead MoreCase Study : Cadillac Immigration Inc Essay2017 Words   |  9 PagesCADILLAC IMMIGRATION INC. 140 Yonge St #200, Toronto, ON M5C 1X6 Angelica Brown November 25, 2016 Confidentiality Notice: This Business Plan is fully confidential and contains proprietary information and intellectual property of Cadillac Immigration Inc. 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I will begin by defining the two terms, as stated in the Triple E textbook, case studies and by authors Joseph Schumpeter and Michael Porter. Following this I will identify and explain two similarities and two differences between social innovation and innovation. I will then detail and explain a number of case studies on social innovation to create a better understanding of what social innovation is and what it deals with. 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In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers orRead MoreHow To Set A Good Price For Immigration Case Study804 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Set a Good Price for Immigration Cases Individual moving or visiting the US go through a detailed application process in order to work, seek legal resident status or US citizenship. Most people are forced to seek the services of immigration law attorneys to help them navigate the whole immigration process. Besides immigration VISA application, the other services provided by immigration attorney include spouse sponsoring, immigration change of status, cancelation of removal, deportation ofRead MoreEssay about Immigration and the Media1367 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration has always been a contentious issue in the United States. Benjamin Franklin thought that an influx in German migration into the United States would flush out the predominately British culture at that time. Furthermore, a continual wave of foreign cultures began pouring into the American metropolitan areas at the turn of the 20th century. The migration of these people began a mass assimilation of cultural ideology and customs into the United States. Wi th recent technological advancementsRead MoreSummary Of Alien Nation : Common Sense About America s Immigration Disaster1317 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated bibliography Reflection paper Brimelow, Peter. Alien nation: common sense about America’s immigration disaster. (1995). This article talks about immigration and its consequences in America. In addition to this, the paper talks about the reasons behind the ballooning level of immigrants in amerce. Some of the reasons that the article outlines include; search for better employment in the US as they fear their nations which have low levels of employment, escape war from their nations

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

what is health - 1228 Words

Introduction Health is important to each and every one of us. Everyone needs to be healthy and not only physically but also mentally and psychologically. The health of any given individuals will determine how he or she functions. The purpose of this writing is to inform people on the importance of their health. As it is usually said, â€Å"health is wealth, â€Å"so each and everyone has the right and responsibility to a healthy life style. However, to have a healthy life and remain will be almost impossible without healthcare, which may be provided by but not limited to hospitals, institutions, nurses, doctors, dentists, government agencies, and voluntary agencies. According to (craven Hirnle 2009), health care in the united†¦show more content†¦The government is already spending much on health care and it almost impossible for it to spend money on illegal immigrants. Catlin et al (2008), discuss the impact of health care on the US government. They mention that 2.1 trill ion (16%) of Gross income was spent on healthcare in 2008 while Dobbs (2008) backs this up by using New Jersey as an example of how much healthcare is costing the US.(cited in baiden,p.1-6) BODY â€Å"The states of health or diseases are expressions of the success or failure experienced by the organism in its efforts to respond adaptively to environmental challenges.†Rene Dubos† The health status of a nation would determine how the nation functions, and the activities of the nation would determine its level of health. People are faced with every-day activities that either mar or make their health. If people are unhealthy, they might not be able to carry out their daily activities. Health is not only based on the absence of diseases but also psychological and mental aspects (Craven Hirnle, p.1415). A nation cannot be completely health but then it should not be characterized by high levels of disease. For example, depression is something of the mind. It is not a disease like malaria, but then it greatly affects the health of individuals who is depressed. If the individual is depressed, he cannot function normally. His sleep and wakeShow MoreRelatedWhat Are Good Health?781 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Impacts â€Å"good health?† Well, there are numerous factors that influence good health. People have a one-of-a-kind desire and capacity related to the existing level in their lives. One of the greatest differences in the United States is that some locations are healthy, and others are not. There is very little discussion about these disparities by policy makers or the public at large. Health care professionals must tackle these problems and barriers that make health care provision a fortifyingRead MoreWhat Is Psychological Health? Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is psychological health? When I think of psychological health I think of personal mental health. Mental health is defined as â€Å"Emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood.† (What Is Mental Health? |MentalHealth.gov, 2016). Psychological health is one of the most importantRead MoreWhat Is The Mental Health? Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the mental health? Mental health embraces emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It has an effect on thinking, feeling, and acting. It also helps to define how people handle stress and make choices. Mental health is momentous through the stages of life, from childhood and adolescence via adulthood. In the life, if someone experience mental health problems, it has an effect on thinking, behaviour, and mood. Many causes contribute to mental health problems, containing: Life experiencesRead MoreWhat Are Public Health?1628 Words   |  7 Pagesa. What is Public Health? 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In 1948 the World Health Organization defined health as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† Whereas previously, health had be identified as solely the absence of disease or infirmity. Through research and study, it was recognized that health is the domain of physical and mental functioning. The state of health is then the degree to which these functions are in equilibrium with the physicalRead MoreWhat Is Universal Health Coverage?1381 Words   |  6 PagesIntro: What is universal health coverage? As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), the primary advocate, universal health coverage (UHC) is defined as â€Å"ensuring that all people can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship,† (What is universal coverage?). To put this formal definition in laymen’sRead MoreHealth And Sports : What A Combination !904 Words   |  4 PagesHealth and Sports: What a Combination! â€Å"Regular participation in physical activity (PA) is important to sustaining good health and has been a topic of investigation since the acknowledgment of the obesity epidemic throughout the last 30 years† (Ferkel 218). Health is an issue of excessive significance to the American society, and one of the factors that influence it is the practice of sports and physical activities. Sports are an essential base to maintain and better teenagers’ health; in additionRead MoreWhat Is Universal Health Care?1491 Words   |  6 Pagescan be discussed. The topic that I chose is Universal Health Care. The line of inquiry includes a little bit of history of health care, how health care is important for everyone, how it is a major topic in the United States, Obama’s plan for health care, how trumps plan will not work for Americans and how Arkansans may or may not feel on the topic of health care. The subject is Health Care; my purpose is to argue a position on how import ant Health Care is. The audience I’m trying to target in this

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Impact of Mental Health at Workplace

Question: Discuss the impact of Mental Health at workplace. Answer: Introduction Health is a subject that has been given paramount importance in the recent in the research study. There have been different key movements to ensure proper health and well being for people all over the world. In this scenario the definition of health given by World Health Organisation becomes key as it says it views health in a broader sense which is Health is a state of complete physical and mental well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. Practically there are numerous situations when the definition of health is compromised which means it is not made properly applicable especially in workplace which creates a number of problems for employees and companies. It is important to mention that health at the workplace is very important subject as it will help to ensure that all the employees are in good state of health which will help them to deliver the best possible service to the organisation (Mclean, 2012). Over the years it has been seen that mental and physical health of employees have been compromised by different companies all across the world which has not only affected the mental and physical well being of the employees but has also affected the performance of the organisation severely which is a clear indication of the impact that ill health can create on employees and organisations. One of the recent cases that have emerged pertaining to this subject is the treatment of Fly in-Fly out employees and its impact on their mental health. The Argyle Diamond Mine in the East Kimberly Region of Western Australia has recently made decisions to employ local people in the mine due to the growing concern with the FIFO workers. The FIFO working practices of employees has been seen to affect the mental health of the employees directly and hence it becomes extremely important to comprehend issue of mental health on FIFO working practices (Torkington et al., 2011). Impact of mental Health at the workplace Mental Health is one of the key factors that have significant impact on the productivity of the employees. It is important to mention that most of the problems that employees face become tough for them to survive in the market. Having a proper and professional work environment is one of key aspects to have in order to develop the potential mental health of the employees. Having a stable mental health of the employees is important for the effective productivity of the company. In the recent past there have been different cases where employees have not been able to cope up with the growing pressure of the workplace. For instance if we see case of FIFO workers in Australia it will be clear. Argyle Diamond Site is one of the first in Australia to appoint FIFO workers but in the recent past there has been number of suicides of FIFO workers which clearly state that these workers were vulnerable to mental health issues and has clearly affected them which has led to the increase in number of suicides of FIFO workers. Mental Health definition given by WHO is placed as a mental state of an individual where he or she is able to realise their potential and can cope with the normal stresses of life and work productively and fruitfully to contribute for the development of welfare of the community (Joyce et al., 2013). Mental health at workplace is extremely important aspect for both employees and organisations. Mental Health at workplace could be defined as the process of keeping ones self mentally healthy and eliminating all kinds of mental disorders and keeping in a perfectly well balanced mental state and well being. Mental health at workplace will involve taking care of ones mental health at workplace, caring the surroundings of the workplace and also keeping in mind to keep the colleagues well being intact. Keeping effective mental health in the workplace is extremely important for a company as it will help the employees to contribute to the growth and success of the company. It is said that loving or hating work and the workplace causes a huge difference in the performance of the employees as well as their mental health. Statistics say that unhealthy workplace largely affects the mental health of the employees. Similarly the workers tend to have huge amount of stress in their life which affe cts their mental health. In the recent study about FIFO workers in Australia it has been seen that the age group of FIFO worker is mainly constricted within 25 to 45 (Sundstrom, 2012). There are several factors which constitute mental health at the workplace and which are given below: Psychological Support Organisational culture Leadership and expectation Recognition and Reward Leadership and responsibilities Engagement at the workplace Involvement and influence Different work practice has visibly taken a toll on the health of the employees. It is clear that most of the people working in different conditions do get affected due to the poor working environment that reflects on their mental health and productivity. People moving from one place to the other and work under contractual basis affects their work-life balance. It is very clear from the FIFO working practice that has affected the psychological support of the employees which stand to be the core mainstay of effective mental health of the employees (Carter Kaczmarek, 2009). It is important to mention that Psychological support in workplace setting like in mines is highly poor in terms of physical environment and worker relations. Psychological support from supervisors and employees are extremely important for an employee to be in effective mental state. The key aspect of psychological support provided to the employees is preventing them from stress at work (Carrington et al., 2012). The working practice of the employees has to be healthy. Key problems that arise are improper work schedules that pose high stress on the employees that affects the mental health of the employees. The regular and rigorous work schedule affects the mental health of the employees. They hardly get physical and mental respite due to their work schedule. For example a normal FIFO worker works constant for 8 to 10days work schedule creates a negative psychological impact on their mental health. The constant working practice creates fatigue for the employees who create absenteeism, lack of interest in work and loss of productivity for the organisation. Visible conflict among the employees is also a factor (Weeramanthri Jancey, 2013). The rigorous work practice of workers also affects the employees personally. They get detached with their families and staying away for long time affects their personal relationship with the close ones which send these employees to long term depression and make them vulnerable to end their lives through options like Suicide. Workplace culture in places like mines tend to go against the workers as they get subjected to bullying, tortures and other physical and mental atrocities which affect the their mental and physical health. This also creates significant difference and forces them to think in a negative manner. Often workplace culture results to the ineffectiveness of performance and declines the overall productivity of a company and this has happened in Argyle which has led them to think local in terms of employee recruitment (Taylor Simmonds, 2009). In the recent past there are examples of workers attempting suicide who cannot cope up with bullying and workplace tortures. Mental Health has huge significance for both the entities involved in business that is the employees and the organisations. It is extremely important to mention that the companies in the contemporary business environment has realised the importance of providing better working conditions to the employees after the recent incidents of suicide of the FIFO employees within the workplace. It could be said that it since the FIFO workers have constantly been deprived of their basic rights and rigorous work has impacted their mental health which has led to the death of so many FIFO employees in the recent past and has clearly affected the overall performance of the mines in Western Australia (Vojnovic et al., 2014). Analysing the case it could be said that mental health of the employees have a huge role to play in the gradual development of the employees as well as the organisation. Since employees have not been able to cope up with the immense pressure and have succumbed to it the companies became insistent in recruiting local people especially in cases of mines. For instance FIFO as a working practice is more prevalent in Western Australia as compared to any other part of the country and around 67000 employees are involved in this hence anything which could damage this system of work will directly affect around 67000 families which is huge in nature and hence it is important that mental health is taken as a key aspect in the practice of FIFO. It can be assumed that if any employee is not mentally sound he or she might not be able to understand the importance of the criticality of a particular issue and hence might not be able to contribute with the full potential which will largely hamper the productivity of a company which will affect the personal development of the employee. Hence it is important that the concept of mental health is promoted effectively at the workplace all over the world so that employees could be in better mental state that results to productivity (Meredith et al., 2014). Role of Human Resource Management in Workplace setting The role of human resource management is extremely in a workplace. Since the study mainly focuses on revealing the issues of mental health practices at the workplace it is important to mention that human resource management plays a key role in developing a favorable environment for work. This is responsible to interact with the employees and realise their problems so that it could be effectively mitigated. The key role of HRM is to focus on the effective communication between the upper management and the employees. This helps in lubricating the process of administration within an organisation and keeps a balance between the workforce and the upper level management. In the case of Mining operations and FIFO in an overall context the human resource management has failed to work effectively. The HRM is responsible to develop key ideas and plans which will help the company to effectively eliminate the grievances of the employees. Hence it could be clearly stated that the Human resource m anagement at the workplace should be more consistent in the workforce handling approach and try to provide a better working condition to them (Meredith et al., 2014). The HRM should come up with effective ideas and plans which would help employees to be in a better mental state. Conclusion and Recommendations It is very important for Human resource management teams of the different companies to come up with effective measures to enhance mental health and create positive impact of mental health within the operation. In order to develop effective mental health within the workplace it is important for the HRM to rethink certain aspects which are given below: Rosters: The work schedule of the workers should be revised for workers giving weekly breaks after short term work schedules for 6 to 8days. This will keep them balanced handling their personal and professional relationships. This will be very effective for the companies taking up FIFO work practice. Psychological Support: It is a very important aspect for the employees. Appraising for good work and training and retraining for the people who lack skill is very important. Support from supervisors and employees all along are extremely important and should be made mandatory (Carrington et al., 2012). Work Culture: Effective work culture and equality in all respect will be a great movement to reduce mental stress and frustration. Also having balanced environment and brotherhood within the workplace is likely to develop the mental health and encourage employees to work effectively. Communication: Communication can bring out pain and grief and hence it is important to communicate with people whoever seems to be down will help to understand their problems and help to mitigate them. Added perks: Added perks like extra holidays, paid home travels and organising family tours will help to keep a balanced mindset for the FIFO workers which will keep in a positive frame of mind and better mental state (Taylor Simmonds, 2009). Overall it could be said that having these above recommendations implemented in this context will help to develop the scenario. References Mclean, K. N. (2012). Mental health and well being in resident mine workers: Out of the fly in fly out box.Australian Journal of Rural Health,20(3), 126-130. Torkington, A. M., Larkins, S., Gupta, T. S. (2011). The psychosocial impacts of fly in fly out and drive in drive out mining on mining employees: A qualitative study.Australian Journal of Rural Health,19(3), 135-141. Joyce, S. J., Tomlin, S. M., Somerford, P. J., Weeramanthri, T. S. (2013). Health behaviours and outcomes associated with fly in fly out and shift workers in Western Australia.Internal medicine journal,43(4), 440-444. Sundstrom, K. (2012). Mental health issues for FIFO workers.Sunsine Coast Daily. Retrieved from https://www. sunshinecoastdaily. com. au/news/professor-warns-of-increase-in-mental-health-issue/1439435. Carter, T., Kaczmarek, E. (2009). An exploration of generation Ys experiences of offshore fly-in/fly-out employment.The Australian Community Psychologist,21(2), 52-66. Carrington, K., Hogg, R., McIntosh, A., Scott, J. (2012). Crime talk, FIFO workers and cultural conflict on the mining boom frontier.Australian Humanities Review,53, 1-14. Weeramanthri, T., Jancey, J. (2013). Fly-in, fly-out (FIFO) work in Australia: the need for research and a health promotion framework. Taylor, J., Simmonds, J. (2009). Family stress and coping in the fly-in fly-out workforce.The Australian Community Psychologist,21(2), 23-36. Vojnovic, P., Michelson, G., Jackson, D., Bahn, S. (2014). Adjustment, well-being and help-seeking among Australian FIFO mining employees.Australian Bulletin of Labour,40(2), 242. Meredith, V., Rush, P., Robinson, E. (2014).Fly-in fly-out workforce practices in Australia: the effects on children and family relationships. Australian Institute of Family Studies.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Pursuit of Perfection Essay Example

The Pursuit of Perfection Essay The Pursuit of Perfection: the Reintroduction of Ancient Roman Principles to Architecture by Renaissance Architects Leon Battista Alberti and Fillipo Brunelleschi Dustan Byler Professor Rachel Mundie Art History II October 31, 2011 Fillipo Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti were two of the most important and famous 15th century architects in Italy. The facade of the Basilica San’Andrea (Figure 1) by Alberti and the Florence Cathedral Dome (Figure 2) by Brunelleschi are their respective crowning achievements. A sense of mathematical proportion; drawn from researching ancient Greek and Roman buildings and ruins1, contrasts their work with the current but fading Gothic style of architecture that was in mode at the turn of the century. The amount of influence on Renaissance architecture the two architects wielded is quite impressive. Brunelleschi was a pioneer in many aspects; and Alberti, his apprentice, followed in his footsteps. Both of them were well aware of the timelessness of Roman architectural principles and used them to great effect while also improving them. Both of the architects also studied painting and it showed in their work. Brunelleschi was one of the first artists to paint in vanishing linear perspective. This style of painting makes a two dimensional image appear to be three dimensional. 2 His paintings inspired many of his contemporaries, including Lorenzo Ghiberti, and Alberti. None of his paintings or perspective drawings survives today. Alberti was a very well rounded individual. He wrote books on architecture and painting and studied sculpture. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pursuit of Perfection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pursuit of Perfection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pursuit of Perfection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer De re aedificatoria, his treatise on architecture, was the eminent reference book for architects for many years. His careful study of these arts, his knowledge of the ancient Roman principles of architecture and the tutelage of Brunelleschi gave him the knowledge to put it all together and add his own touch to Basilica San’Andrea (Figure 1). The interior of Basilica San’Andrea (Figure 3), while very impressive architecturally, effects a different reaction than the dizzying heights and ornate decorations of a gothic structure. The design is supremely balanced; using proportions identical to ancient Etruscan temples. 3 The simple proportions of the repetitious squares simplify the interior without detracting from it, allowing the arches and other shapes to shine through. When Brunelleschi was first approached to build the Florence Cathedral Dome (Figure 2), he had to compete with several other architects. His design that he proposed was inspired by the Roman use of concrete in the dome of the Pantheon (Figure 4). No one thought it could be replicated and the task of building a self-supporting dome of such a span was thought impossible. Because the town council of Florence had expressly forbid the use of buttresses he had to come up with a solution that was completely new. He opted to use a style of bricklaying called opus spicatum (Figure 5), a pattern used by the Romans in antiquity. The design allowed forces to be distributed horizontally, a trait bad for building walls but perfect for his application. The dome had a double shell of masonry to support the enormous structural weight necessary to cover the span. The eight ribs on the exterior of the dome solved the problem of not being able to use buttresses. The revolutionary concept had never been conceived before and was viewed with suspicion until the very last brick was laid. It is still the largest masonry dome in existence. The facade of the Basilica San’Andrea (Figure 1) is a prime example of the development of the principles pioneered by Brunelleschi. The facade uses several elements of classic roman style not seen since antiquity. â€Å"S. Andrea marks a decisive turn from the ‘vernacular’ to the ‘Latin’. This does not mean that Alberti merely imitated some classical model, but that he reinterpreted the classical past in light of contemporary needs. 4 The facade is a direct reinterpretation of either the ancient Roman Arch of Titus (Figure 6) or the Arch of Trajan (Figure 7). In addition three distinctive elements Alberti uses in his neoclassical facade: a pediment, columns of the colossal order, and an additional arch. The pediment is a revision the pediment of the Pantheon (Figure 4). The colossal order was a blending of the Ionic, Doric, and Corinthian orders of Roman columns on a grandiose scale. The additional arch is on top of the facade and recessed and neatly solves the problem of the transition from the high vaulted ceiling inside the hurch. In addition, the interior ceiling of the interior is painted to look like it is coffered like the ceiling of the main arch. There is a close relationship between the interior and exterior of the building, which results in the interior being seen as an extension of the triumphal arch motif. 5 None of this architecture would have been possible without the inspiration of the ancient Romans. The Florence Cathedral Dome (Figure 2), never would have happened if Brunelleschi had not been able to use knowledge he acquired while studying the geometry of the Pantheon. The design of the Basilica San’Andrea (Figure 1) is also inherently dependent on ancient Roman principles. The ability of these men to look to the past for inspiration and utilize it advanced their field considerably and both of them left a very distinct stamp on history. Bibliography Millon Henry A. , Lampugnami, Vittorio Magnago, The Renaissance from Brunelleschi to Michelangelo, Milan: RCS Libri amp; Grandi Opere S. p. A, 1994 Filippo Brunelleschi. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 2011 Hartoonian, Gevork, â€Å"The limelight of the House-Machine†, Journal of Architecture 6. , 2001 Borsi, Franco, Leon Battista Alberti, N. Y. , Harper amp; Row, 1977 Eck, Caroline Van,Enduring principles of architecture in Albertis On the Art of Building: how did Alberti set out to formulate them?.   Journal of Architecture  4, no. 2 (Summer 1999 1999): 119-127 1. Leon Battista Alberti, Basilica Sant’ Andrea, 1462, Mantua, Italy 2. Fillipo Brunelleschi, Florence Cathedral Dome, 1436, Florence, Italy 3. Leon Battista Alberti, Basilica Sant’ Andrea, 1462, Mantua, Italy 4. Emperor Hadrian, Pantheon, 126, Rome, Italy 5. Herringbone Brick 6. Domitian, Arch of Titus,82, Rome, Italy 7. Apollodorus, Arch of Trajan, Ancona, Italy